Which of the following ranks requires a gold fouled anchor in its collar device?

The rank that requires a gold fouled anchor in its collar device is Chief Petty Officer. This insignia represents a significant level of responsibility and leadership within the Navy's enlisted ranks. The fouled anchor serves as a symbol of a Chief Petty Officer’s commitment to the Navy and their role in guiding and mentoring junior sailors.

In comparison to other ranks, the Chief Petty Officer's insignia distinguishes them as a senior leader who is expected to provide guidance, enforce standards, and act as a bridge between the enlisted personnel and their officers. This stark difference in rank insignia from other positions such as Petty Officer Second Class, Petty Officer First Class, or Master Chief Petty Officer underscores the unique status and responsibilities held by Chief Petty Officers within the naval hierarchy.